Magento 2 Architecture and Components
According to the official documentation, Magento 2 is divided into four distinct layers, each playing a crucial role in delivering a seamless eCommerce experience. Lets have a closer look at Magento 2 architecture its each layer and components:
1. The Presentation Layer
- Role
Envision the stage where your e-commerce performance unfolds—product pages, checkout interfaces, and promotional banners.
- Components
Templates and layouts craft the visual narrative, while Blocks function as the backstage crew, fetching data and assembling the elements.
- Elegance
This layer is dedicated to the user interface—the dazzling spectacle through which customers engage with your store.
2. The Service Layer
- Role
Positioned strategically between presentation and business logic, it orchestrates core functionalities.
- Conductor
APIs (both REST and SOAP) serve as conduits, facilitating data exchange and system integration.
- Essential Force
This layer ensures the harmonious operation of the platform, enabling seamless interactions and data flow.
3. The Domain Layer
- Role
The intellectual nucleus of the platform—where business rules, pricing models, and inventory management reside.
- Intellectual Hub
It is concerned with abstracting business processes and logic, distinct from direct database interactions.
- Strategic Execution
This layer governs the decision-making processes and operational efficiency of your store.
4. The Persistence Layer
- Role
The foundation where the platform’s data—such as product details, customer records, and order histories—is meticulously stored.
- Information Repository
Utilizing databases like MySQL and Elasticsearch, it ensures data is securely managed and readily accessible.
- Data Vault
This layer is crucial for data retrieval and consistency, akin to unlocking a treasure trove of information.
Key Components
1. Modules
Fundamental units of functionality located in "app/code", each handling specific features.
2. Themes
Define the store’s visual identity with templates and styles, organized in "app/design/frontend" and "app/design/adminhtml".
3. Libraries
External packages, such as Zend Framework and Symfony, enhance the platform’s capabilities.
4. APIs
Enable integration with third-party systems via REST and SOAP interfaces.
5. Dependency Injection (DI)
Manages dependencies through "di.xml", promoting flexibility and testability.
6. Event-Observer Pattern
Executes custom logic in response to system events.
7. Plugins
Modify class behavior without altering the original code, using “before”, “after”, and “around” methods.
8. MVC Architecture
This separates concerns into 3 sections like Model (data), View (presentation), and Controller (logic).
9. Command Line Interface (CLI)
Handles tasks like cache management and module configuration with "bin/magento".
10. Cache Management
Improves performance with caching mechanisms and storage solutions (file system, Redis, Varnish).
11. Indexing
Optimizes data retrieval for faster performance.
In essence, Magento 2’s architecture is a well-organized blend of layers and components that work together to create a powerful and smooth eCommerce experience.
